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Engineering Materials

Spirometer Working Principle of Spirometer

Spirometer is a biomedical device which measures the lung capacity and lung volume. The constructional feature of a spirometer is very simple. It mainly consists of a container which collects gas. To understand the basic working principle of a spirometer, we need to look into the basic construction

By Electrical4u 03/14, 2024
Engineering Materials

Electrical Impedance: What is it?

What is Electrical Impedance? In electrical engineering, electrical impedance is the measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. Impedance extends the concept of resistance to alternating current (AC) circuits. Impedance possesses both magnitude and phas

By Electrical4u 03/14, 2024
Engineering Materials

Magnetostriction: A Property of Magnetic Materials

Magnetostriction is defined as the property of some magnetic materials that causes them to change their shape or dimensions when they are magnetized by an external magnetic field . The change in size or length of a material due to magnetostriction depends on the strength and direction of the applied

By Electrical4u 03/14, 2024
Engineering Materials

Thermal Conductivity of Metals: How Heat Flows Through Different Materials

Thermal conductivity is a property that measures how well a material can transfer heat from one point to another without moving the material itself. It depends on factors such as the structure, composition, and temperature of the material. In this article, we will focus on the thermal conductivity o

By Electrical4u 03/14, 2024
Engineering Materials

A Comprehensive Guide to Different Types of Lamps and Their Applications

What is a Lamp? A lamp is defined as an artificial source of light that can be used for illumination, decoration, or signaling. Lamps have been around for thousands of years, evolving from simple vessels filled with animal fat and wicks to sophisticated devices that use electricity, gas, or solar po

By Electrical4u 03/14, 2024
Engineering Materials

Bimetals: Definition, Properties, and Applications

A bimetal is defined as an object that is composed of two separate metals joined together by a metallurgical process. Unlike alloys, which are mixtures of two or more metals, bimetals consist of layers of different metals that retain their individual attributes. Bimetals can also be called bimetalli

By Electrical4u 03/14, 2024
Engineering Materials

Alternating Current: Definition, Properties, and Applications

What is Alternating Current? An alternating current (AC) is an electric current that changes its direction and magnitude periodically. Unlike direct current (DC), which flows only in one direction, AC can be used to transmit power over long distances with less energy loss. AC is also the form of ele

By Electrical4u 03/14, 2024
Engineering Materials

Fermi Dirac Distribution Function

Distribution functions are nothing but the probability density functions used to describe the probability with which a particular particle can occupy a particular energy level. When we speak of Fermi-Dirac distribution function , we are particularly interested in knowing the chance by which we can f

By Electrical4u 03/14, 2024
Engineering Materials

Energy Bands in Crystals

As per Neil Bohr’s theory of atomic structure, all the atoms are found to have discrete energy levels around their central nucleus (more on this can be found in the article “ Atomic Energy Levels ”). Now consider the case wherein two or more such atoms are placed nearer to one another. In this case,

By Electrical4u 03/14, 2024
Engineering Materials

Quantum Numbers

The quantum numbers are basically represents the address of an electrons in atom. These quantum numbers represent the location, energy level and spin of electron in atom. These quantum numbers are useful for representing the electron configuration. Quantum numbers are of four types – Principal quant

By Electrical4u 03/14, 2024
Engineering Materials

Atomic Energy Levels

Atoms constitute the building blocks of all materials in existence. In these atoms, there is a central portion called nucleus (N in Figure 1) which consists of protons and neutrons, around which revolves the particles called electrons. Next, it is to be noted that all the electrons constituting the

By Electrical4u 03/14, 2024
Engineering Materials

What is an Atom?

An atom is defined as the smallest particle of a substance that can exist by itself or be combined with other atoms to form a molecule. In the year 1808, famous English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist John Dalton published his theory of the atom . At that time, many unexplained chemical phenom

By Electrical4u 03/14, 2024

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Spirometer Working Principle of Spirometer

Electrical Impedance: What is it?

Magnetostriction: A Property of Magnetic Materials

Thermal Conductivity of Metals: How Heat Flows Through Different Materials

A Comprehensive Guide to Different Types of Lamps and Their Applications

Bimetals: Definition, Properties, and Applications

Alternating Current: Definition, Properties, and Applications

Fermi Dirac Distribution Function

Energy Bands in Crystals

Quantum Numbers

Atomic Energy Levels

What is an Atom?

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